ABSTRACT
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MS) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) are important avian pathogens and cause economic losses to the poultry industry. Molecular biology techniques are currently used for a rapid detection of these pathogens and the adoption of control measures of the diseases. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a technique for simultaneous detection of MG and MS by multiplex real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The complete assay (Multiplex MGMS) was designed with primers and probes specific for each pathogen and developed to be carried out in a single tube reaction. Vaccines, MG and MS isolates and DNA from other Mycoplasma species were used for the development and validation of the method. Further, 78 pooled clinical samples from different poultry flocks in Brazil were obtained and used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the technique in comparison to 2 real time PCR assays specific for MG (MG PCR) and MS (MS PCR). The results demonstrated an agreement of 100% (23 positive and 44 negative samples) between Multiplex MGMS and MG PCR in the analysis of 67 samples from MG positive and negative poultry flocks, and an agreement of 96.9% between Multiplex MGMS and MS PCR in the analysis of 64 samples from MS positive and negative poultry flocks. Considering the single amplification tests as the gold standard, the Multiplex MGMS showed 100% of specificity and sensitivity in the MG analysis and 94.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity in the MS analysis. This new assay could be used for rapid analysis of MG and MS in the poultry industry laboratories.
Subject(s)
Animals , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods , Mycoplasma Infections/veterinary , Mycoplasma gallisepticum/isolation & purification , Mycoplasma synoviae/isolation & purification , Poultry Diseases/diagnosis , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Veterinary Medicine/methods , Brazil , Bacteriological Techniques/methods , Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Mycoplasma Infections/diagnosis , Mycoplasma Infections/microbiology , Mycoplasma gallisepticum/genetics , Mycoplasma synoviae/genetics , Poultry , Poultry Diseases/microbiology , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Objetivos: identificar a prevalência de síndrome metabólica em pacientes hospitalizados portadores de esquizofrenia.Métodos: um estudo transversal incluiu pacientes masculinos portadores de esquizofrenia, maiores de 40 anos, em uso de antipsicóticos por no mínimo dois anos, internados no Hospital Colônia Itapuã, em Viamão, RS. Foram analisadas medidas antropométricas (peso, altura, circunferência abdominal), exames bioquímicos (glicemia, HDL-c, triglicerídeos), pressão arterial e uso de medicação antipsicótica.Resultados: foram avaliados 56 pacientes. Encontrou-se prevalência de 30,4% de síndrome metabólica na população estudada. Dos componentes da síndrome, destacaram-se hipertensão (60,7%) e circunferência abdominal elevada(50%). Os pacientes com excesso de peso apresentaram 5,63 (IC 95% 1,42-22,3) vezes mais chances de desenvolver a síndrome do que os pacientes eutróficos. Os pacientes em uso de antipsicóticos de segunda geração apresentaram2,51 (IC 95% 1,22-5,17) vezes mais chances de desenvolver a síndrome do que o restante dos pacientes.Conclusões: a prevalência de síndrome metabólica encontrada nos pacientes esquizofrênicos foi ligeiramente maior do que a prevalência da população em geral, estimada pela International Diabetes Federation. O excesso de peso e os medicamentos antipsicóticos parecem estar associados com o desenvolvimento da síndrome e seus componentes.
Aims: To identify the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in inpatients with schizophrenia.Methods: A cross-sectional study included male patients with schizophrenia, aged 40 years or older, taking antipsychotics for at least two years, in the Hospital Colonia Itapuã, located in Viamão, RS, Brazil. We analyzed anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist circumference), biochemical tests (glucose, HDL-C, triglycerides), blood pressure and use of antipsychotic medication.Results: At all, 56 patients were evaluated. We found a prevalence of 30.4% of metabolic syndrome in this population.Of the components of the syndrome, hypertension (60.7%) and high abdominal circumference (50%) were outstanding.Patients with excess body weight were 5.63 (95% CI 1.42-22.3) times more likely to develop the syndrome than normal weight patients. The patients using second-generation antipsychotics were 2.51 (95% CI 1.22-5.17) times more likely to develop the syndrome than the other patients.Conclusions: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome found in these schizophrenic patients was slightly higher than the prevalence in the general population as estimated by the International Diabetes Federation. Excess weight and antipsychotic drugs appear to be associated with the development of the syndrome and its components.